Impact of US Macroeconomic Surprises on Stock Market Returns in Developed Economies

Macroeconomic conditions are known to affect risks factors and thereby influence asset returns within a given economy. We explore this link in a global setting. Given the dominant role the U.S. economy plays in the global economic environment, U.S. Macro economic shocks are expected to affect asset returns in other countries. The impact should be more pronounced in the developed economies where the U.S. is a large trading and capital-flows partner. Our results shows that residual returns and conditional volatilities in major developed economies are significantly impacted by US macroeconomic surprises. We identify U.S. macro economic shocks that have spillover impact on global asset returns over and above those transmitted through equity market returns. While return levels are significantly influenced by productivity and retail sales surprises, return conditional volatilities are mainly influenced by inflation, personal income, industrial production, leading indicators, and gross domestic product surprises.

A conventent synthesis of functonalised heterocuclic enamines from alpha-thioiminium salts and active methylene compounds under solid-liquid PTC conditions

Functionalised enanines constitute a category of synthetic intermediates useful in carbon, carbon bond formation reactions and have been procured through a variety of condensaticn and extrusion reactions. In one approach active methylene compounds have been condensed with lactin thioethers in the presence of a base at relatively higher temperature. In view of our interest in the synthesis of function alised enamines through sulphur extrusion reactions, we have studied the title reaction under non-hydrolytic solid-liquid PTC using solid KF(base)/TEBA(catalyst). A recent report on the sulphur extrusion of α-thio-iminium salts and their reactions with active methylene compounds prompts us to report our results

Calcium Carbide Production Under Liberalised Economy

The industrial development in the organic chemical sectors was based on Calcium Carbide due to nonavailability of petroleum feed stock. As a result of the availability of petroleum stock in modern era, dependency an calcium carbide eased out.Future of this industry in liberalized economy depends on the availability of power, raw materials, international prices of crude oil and international prices of calcium carbide manufactured in India.Initially calcium carbide manufacturing industrial development was based on borrowed technology. The emphasis was on quantity and not on quality. Therefore, in the post liberalization era, there needs an inertia towards upgradiation of technology rectorically than as a commitment

Parametric Optimization of Lactic Acid Production by Immobilized Lactobacillus casei Using Box-Behnken Design

Technological optimization of process parameters posses one of the open challenge for fermentative lactic acid (LA) production. Hence optimization of process parameters viz. sugar concentration, pH, biomass, incubation temperature and incubation time for maximizing fermentative lactic acid production from molasses sugar and corn steep liquor as a low cost carbon and nitrogen source, respectively by immobilized Lactobacillus casei MTCC 1423 cells has been carried out using Box Behnken Design (BBD). By applying multiple regressions on experimental data, quadratic models have been realized, explaining role of each variable and their quadratic interaction on LA production, LA productivity and yield coefficient. Analysis of variance has demonstrated that models are significant. The maximum LA production (132 g/(L fermentor volume) ), LA productivity of 2.36 g/(L×h) and yield coefficient of 0.936 g/(g substrate) have been estimated by the quadratic regression model for optimum process parameters values of sugar concentration (194 g/L), pH (6.85), biomass (310 mg, CDW), incubation temperature (37°C) and incubation time (57 h). The optimization validated experiments had resulted in LA production of 130±2.1 g/(L fermentor volume) ; LA productivity of 2.28±0.037 g/(L×h) and yield coefficient of 0.921±0.003 g/(g substrate) and which are substantially higher than those obtained with free cells of Lb. casei MTCC 1423 (2%, v/v inoculums size) at obtained optimized process parameters values. Thus resulted quadratic models provided an opportunity for scaling up the lactic acid production process and demonstrated the economic potential of using agro industrial waste molasses sugar for lactic acid production by Lb. casei MTCC 1423

Hybrid Atypical Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. Most of the attention, however, has been given to the routing protocols since they might differ depending on the application and network architecture. Since the radio transmission and reception consumes a lot of energy, one of the important issues in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within network sensor nodes. Therefore, battery power is crucial parameter in the algorithm design to increase lifespan of nodes in the network. In addition to maximizing the lifespan of sensor nodes, it is preferable to distribute the energy dissipated throughout the wireless sensor network in order to maximize overall network performance

Low sidelobe level microstrip patch array: Em design and performance analysis

A high performance low-profile antenna array with low sidelobe level (SLL) and optimum beamwidth is in general preferred in several communication related applications. In this paper a planar microstrip array antenna with low SLL up to -20 dB and high gain performance is designed for 10 GHz. The dimensions of patch antenna is tapered to achieve low SLL. The results for patch array with individual feed and a common feed are presented

Field evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for microbial activities and yield of maize under alluvial soil

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of AMF species with different phosphorus (P) levels for root colonization, microbial population under maize in an alluvial soil. Of all the species of mycorrhizae taken under consideration, G. mosseae along with 75% RDF of P was found to perform better in terms of root colonization, number of spores and grain yield. Application of G. mosseae @ 10 kg ha-1 + 50% P + 100% NK produced significantly higher root colonization by 177.32, 55.20, 37.75 and 101.95 per cent over the treatments 100% RDF, G. mosseae @ 10 kg ha-1 + 75% P + 100% NK, G. coronatum @ 10 kg ha-1 + 75% P + 100% NK, G. decipien @ 10 kg ha-1 + 75% P + 100% NK and control, respectively. The similar trend was observed for number of spore count. The maximum number of bacteria (40×10-5 cfu g-1 soil) was found with the inoculation of G. mosseae @ 10 kg ha-1 + 75% P + 100% NK at flowering stage. The maximum grain yield (7656.61 kg ha-1) was recorded with the application of G. mosseae @ 10 kg ha-1 + 75% P + 100% NK, which was 111.92 per cent significantly higher the control treatment. G. mosseae along with 75% RDF of phosphorus inoculation proved to be effective in modifying the soil microbe population and community structure and also in enhancing the grain yield

Modelling , of Polyurethanes Based on Hydroxyl- Terminated Polybutadiene

Forty formulations based on four different grades ofhydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, HTPB(hydroxyl value 20- 40 mg KOHlg) at r = [NCO] / [OH] values in the range 0.7 -1.0 with varyingamounts of trimethylol propane and butane diol and containing 86 per cent solid loading wereconsidered to test the applicability of a.-model of Marsh, et al. for prediction of the mechanicalproperties of composite solid propellants. Two network parameters, crosslink density (Ve) andeffective chain length (LX), were calculated from the model. Tensile strength and modulus werecorrelated to Ve and elongation at break to LX. Using the correlations obtained from experimental dataat r< 0.8, mechanical properties of the various fonnulations were predicted. Good agreement betweenexperimental and predicted properties was obtained for fonnulations with modulus 10 KSC. Probablereasons for deviation observed at stoichiometric ratio r < 0.8 and low modulus values are discussed.Improved correlations between mechanical properties and network parameters, applicable over a widerange of fonnulations, were arrived at. The standard errors of prediction were found to be close to :+- 1 0-value of the measurement

A study on the contents of prescription of the in-patients of a tertiary care hospital, Manipur

Background: Appropriate medications are the backbone for effective control of infections and diseases. Objective of the study was to analyse the prescriptions relating to national list of essential medicines (NLEM) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Data was collected from 525 case sheets of the surgical in-patients for a period of 1 year which included total number of drugs prescribed, single (NLEM/non-NLEM) drugs, fixed dose combinations (NLEM/non-NLEM) drugs, most common drugs (NLEM/non-NLEM), route of administration, ADR/ADE and herbal drugs. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis of the data. Results: The total number of drugs observed in the case sheets was 2575. Out of the total drugs, 1942 drugs (75.4%) were from the list of NLEM (2022) while 633(24.6%) drugs were of non-NLEM. 266 drugs (10.33%) were generic drugs and 2309 drugs (89.67%) were proprietary drugs. The total number of single drug was 1839 (NLEM, 1805 + non-NLEM, 34) and that of the total FDC was 736 (NLEM, 137 + non-NLEM, 599). The most common drugs which were prescribed were analgesics: paracetamol 517 (NLEM); diclofenac supp.14 (non-NLEM), antibiotics: ceftriaxone 258 (NLEM, 14.5%), cefpodoxime proxetil 3 (non-NLEM, 8.9%), antihypertensive: telmisartan 13 (NLEM, 0.7%), non-NLEM nil, anti-diabetics: metformin 15 (NLEM, 0.8%), dapagliflozin 6 (non-NLEM, 16.7%), and gastroprotective drugs: pantoprazole 493 (NLEM, 27%), non-NLEM nil. Conclusions: Non-NLEM drugs should be prescribed only when there is definite advantages of the same over the NLEM drugs. Prescription of proprietary FDC drugs, factors for non-availability and under-prescription of NLEM drugs should be highlighted through CME coupled with awareness about the aim and objectives of the NLEM during clinical practice to the prescribers